SARS-CoV-2 감마 변이

3. 특징

P.1 계통은 잉글랜드 공중보건청(PHE)에 의해 VOC-21JAN-02 (구 표기: VOC-202101/02)^[100], Nextstrain에 의해 20J/501Y.V3으로 명명되었다.^[101][102]

2021년 1월 2일 브라질 아마조나스주에서 도쿄에 도착한 4명에게서 처음 확인되었으며,^[103] 1월 6일 국립감염병연구소(NIID)에 의해 검출된 후 브라질에서 유행이 선언되었다. 1월 12일, 브라질-영국 CADDE 센터는 아마존 열대우림에서 이 새로운 변이 바이러스 계통의 13개 국지적 사례를 확인했다.^[104] 이 변이 바이러스는 P.1 계통으로 명명되었는데(B.1.1.28의 자손이지만, 당시 B.1.1.28.1이라는 명명이 허가되지 않았기 때문), 17개의 고유한 아미노산 변화를 가지고 있으며, 그 중 10개는 스파이크 단백질에 있는 N501Y, E484K, K417T의 3가지 우려 변이를 포함한다.^{[104][105][106]}

새로운 계통은 2020년 3월부터 11월까지 브라질 아마조나스주 마나우스에서 채취된 샘플에는 존재하지 않았지만, 같은 해 12월 15일부터 23일까지 채취된 샘플에서는 42%, 12월 15일부터 31일까지는 52.2%, 2021년 1월 1일부터 9일까지는 85.4%가 같은 도시에서 검출되었다.^[109]

P.2 계통(제타 변이)은 리우데자네이루주에서 유행하는 B.1.1.28의 다른 아계통으로, E484K 변이는 있지만 N501Y 변이는 없다.^{[107][108][109]} P.2 계통은 마나우스의 P.1 계통과 직접 관련이 없으며, 리우데자네이루에서 독립적으로 진화한 것으로 여겨진다.^[104]

3. 1. 돌연변이

특히 스파이크 단백질의 K417T, E484K, N501Y 돌연변이는 바이러스의 전염성과 면역 회피 능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다.^{[104][105][106]}

3. 2. 전염성 및 치사율

4. 세계적 현황

SARS-CoV-2^영어 감마 변이는 2021년 8월 9일 기준으로 전 세계 71개국에서 발견되었다.^[183] 감마 변이 확진 사례는 미국, 브라질, 캐나다 등에서 많이 보고되었다.

4. 1. 통계

5. 백신 효과

화이자 또는 모더나 백신을 완전히 접종한 사람들은 SARS-CoV-2 감마 변이에 대한 중화 효과가 크게 감소했다. 그러나 백신 접종자는 입원이나 사망 가능성으로부터 거의 완전히(100%) 보호되지만, 감마 변이 감염 위험은 다소 높아질 수 있다.^[115]

옥스퍼드-아스트라제네카 백신이 감마 변이에 대해 효과가 있다는 예비 데이터가 두 가지 연구에서 나왔지만, 정확한 효과 수준은 아직 발표되지 않았다.^[116][117] 브라질 부탄탄 연구소의 예비 데이터에 따르면 시노백의 코로나백도 감마 변이에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 최종 데이터를 얻기 위한 연구가 계속될 예정이다.^[118]

6. 변이의 소멸

2022년 3월, 세계보건기구(WHO)는 수 주 또는 수개월 동안 감염 사례가 감지되지 않았다는 이유로 알파, 베타, 감마 변이를 이전에 유행했던 변이로 분류했다.^[96]

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_[132] 뉴스 Covid, è allarme per la variante brasiliana: altri tre casi rilevati in Italia https://www.vesuviol[...] 2021-02-02
_[133] 뉴스 Coronavirus live news: France death toll surpasses 72,000; Brazil variant found in Germany https://www.theguard[...] 2021-01-22
_[134] 보도자료 Brief report: New Variant Strain of SARS-CoV-2 Identified in Travelers from Brazil https://www.niid.go.[...] NIID (National Institute of Infectious Diseases) 2021-01-14
_[135] 뉴스 新たなコロナ変異種を確認 ブラジルから入国の4人 https://www.nikkei.c[...] 2021-01-14
_[136] 트윗 Det første tilfælde af varianten P1 er fundet i Danmark
_[137] 웹인용 Danmark finder første tilfælde af brasiliansk variant, men den vurderes ikke at have spredt sig - TV 2 https://nyheder.tv2.[...] 2021-03-03
_[138] 뉴스 S. Korea reports 1st COVID-19 variant case from Brazil https://en.yna.co.kr[...] 2021-01-20
_[139] 뉴스 In a first European case, Brazilian Covid variant confirmed in Faroe https://local.fo/in-[...] 2021-01-22
_[140] 웹인용 PANGO Lineages - B.1.28 https://cov-lineages[...] cov-lineages.org 2021-06-27
_[141] 웹인용 Suomen epidemiatilanne on jakautunut - muuntuneet virusmuodot herättävät huolta https://thl.fi/fi/-/[...] 2021-02-18
_[142] 웹인용 Statement from the National Public Health Emergency Team on the detection of P1 variant in Ireland - Friday 19 February https://www.gov.ie/e[...] Department of Health 2021-02-19
_[142] 뉴스 Coronavirus: Three cases of Brazil variant identified in the State for first time https://www.irishtim[...] The Irish Times 2021-02-19
_[143] 뉴스 Three cases of Brazilian virus variant identified in Ireland https://www.rte.ie/n[...] RTÉ News and Current Affairs 2021-02-19
_[144] 뉴스 Three cases of new Covid-19 variant, first identified in Brazil, reported in Ireland https://www.thejourn[...] TheJournal.ie 2021-02-19
_[145] 뉴스 Covid-19: Irish cases of worrying variant double to six https://www.irishtim[...] The Irish Times 2021-03-09
_[146] 뉴스 Newer Covid variants unrelated to travel detected in community, says expert https://www.rte.ie/n[...] RTÉ News and Current Affairs 2021-04-03
_[147] 뉴스 First U.S. case of highly transmissible Brazil coronavirus variant identified in Minnesota https://www.washingt[...] 2021-01-25
_[148] 뉴스 First case of Brazil coronavirus variant found in the US https://www.independ[...] 2021-01-26
_[149] 웹사이트 US COVID-19 Cases Caused by Variants https://www.cdc.gov/[...] 미국 질병통제예방센터 2021-02-02
_[150] 뉴스 Loreto: Diresa reporta caso de variante de Covid-19 procedente de Manaos https://peru21.pe/pe[...] 2021-01-20
_[151] 뉴스 Loreto: DIRESA aclara que variante de Manaos aún no llega a la región https://canaln.pe/ac[...] 2021-01-21
_[152] 뉴스 Pilar Mazzetti confirma que en Lima, Loreto y Huánuco se ha encontrado la variante brasilera del coronavirus https://elcomercio.p[...] 2021-02-04
_[153] 뉴스 INS identifica 22 casos de variante brasileña https://diariocorreo[...] 2021-02-26
_[154] 웹인용 Variante brasileña del COVID-19 amenaza la capacidad de respuesta en hospitales de Madre de Dios https://diariocorreo[...] 2021-04-09
_[155] 보도자료 Brazilian coronavirus variants (P1 and P2) found in the Netherlands https://www.rivm.nl/[...] RIVM 2021-01-29
_[156] 웹인용 Colombia mantiene vigilancia de cepa brasileña de covid-19 https://www.minsalud[...] 2021-01-30
_[157] 뉴스 Colombia detecta su primer caso de variante brasileña del coronavirus https://www.lavangua[...] 2021-01-30
_[158] 웹인용 Mutated Brazilian Variant of Coronavirus Detected in Croatia by RBI Researchers https://www.total-cr[...] 2021-02-18
_[159] 웹인용 Turkey: 2 S. Africa, 1 Brazil variant detected https://www.aa.com.t[...] 2021-02-04
_[160] 웹인용 Turkey: Turkey reports cases of South Africa, Brazil variants of coronavirus https://www.dailysab[...] 2021-02-04
_[161] 뉴스 Turkey: 85% of new COVID-19 cases due to UK variant S.Africa COVID variant seen in 285 people in 11 of Turkey's 81 provinces, Brazil strain seen in 166 people: Health minister https://www.aa.com.t[...] 2021-04-12
_[162] 뉴스 France registers four cases of Brazilian coronavirus variant, says minister https://www.reuters.[...] 2021-02-04
_[163] 뉴스 First Brazilian variants of COVID-19 identified in Buenos Aires https://www.semana.c[...] 2021-02-08
_[164] 뉴스 Portugal detecta primeiros casos da variante brasileira https://www.terra.co[...] 2021-02-11
_[165] 뉴스 Portugal detects first cases of Brazilian COVID-19 variant https://www.theportu[...] 2021-02-11
_[166] 뉴스 INSA identifica mais três casos da variante brasileira (a somar aos sete já conhecidos) https://observador.p[...] 2021-03-04
_[167] 웹인용 Brasilianska mutationen i Sverige – saknas resekoppling https://www.expresse[...] 2021-02-21
_[168] 뉴스 Covid-19: Brazil 'variant of concern' detected in UK https://www.bbc.co.u[...] 2021-02-28
_[169] 뉴스 Covid: Four more cases of Brazil variant found in England https://www.bbc.co.u[...] 2021-03-11
_[170] 뉴스 COVID-19: New Philippines-linked coronavirus variant investigated in England after two cases found https://news.sky.com[...] 2021-03-16
_[171] 웹사이트 Variants: distribution of cases data https://www.gov.uk/g[...] Public Health England 2021-02-09
_[172] 뉴스 South Africa, Brazil mutated Covid strains have reached India https://timesofindia[...] 2021-02-17
_[173] 뉴스 Primele două cazuri de infectare cu tulpina braziliană de Covid-19 confirmate în România https://stirileprotv[...] 2021-03-08
_[174] 뉴스 First case of Brazil COVID in Philippines https://www.canberra[...] 2021-03-13
_[175] 뉴스 Philippines sees more cases of COVID-19 variants, including local P.3 https://www.philstar[...] 2021-04-11
_[176] 뉴스 Coronavirus: variante P.1 se detectó en casos de Artigas, Canelones, Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Rocha, Salto y San José https://ladiaria.com[...] 2021-03-23
_[177] 웹인용 Circulación de variantes SARS-CoV-2 en Chile https://www.minsal.c[...]
_[178] 웹인용 Coronavirus: Paraguay confirma presencia de variante brasileña del COVID-19 y reporta récord de muertes https://elcomercio.p[...] 2021-03-24
_[179] 웹인용 Brazilian Variant Found in Additional COVID-19 Samples https://health.gov.t[...] 2021-04-23
_[180] 웹인용 5 Additional COVID-19 samples Confirmed to be the Brazilian Variant https://health.gov.t[...] 2021-04-26
_[181] 웹인용 5 more cases of Brazilian covid19 variant in Trinidad and Tobago https://newsday.co.t[...] 2021-04-26
_[182] 뉴스 Coronavirus: New Variants Confirmed in 15 New Cases https://hungarytoday[...] 2021-07-22
_[183] 웹인용 GISAID - hCov19 Variants https://www.gisaid.o[...]